-participants wrote their names in a circle to prevent the leader of the movement from being caught
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Course of Rebellion
(in accordance to Crane Brinton's ANATOMY OF A REVOLUTION) I. The Old Regime and Symptoms of the Coming Revolution
(1) Agitation of peasant class i. National finance on verge of bankruptcy = Increased taxation on peasant class ii. Japanese intrusion on domestic economy: 50% imports, 90% exports = Peasant economy is threatened (2) Political unrest i. Increased Japanese interference in domestic affairs ii. Infighting within government over the handling of modernization (reformation v. seclusion) iii. Governmental neglect II. First Stage of the Revolution (1) Refusal of tax payment i. Gobu magistrate Cho Byeong-gab taxed irrigational water from reservoir too heavily ii. Petitions sent to government were ignored iii. 1894 Gobu Uprising: lead by Chun Bong-jun, regional parish of Donghak = started nationwide rebellion (2) Course of rebellion 1st Donghak Rebellion i. Gobu Uprising: peasant army stormed administrative office (Jan. 1894) ii. Battle of Hwangto: Donghak peasants proclaim victory over state army; peak of rebellion (Apr. 1894) iii. Revolutionaries take over Jeonju (Aug. 1894) iv. Peasants send petition to government calling for 12 reforms -allowing the remarriage of widows -abolition of social classes -redistribution of land v. Treaty of Jeonju (May 8, 1894) -government accepts petition, carries out 12 reforms -'jibgangso' (; 집강소), or independent peasant council -unsteady peace between May~Oct. 1984 2nd Donghak Rebellion i. Anti-Japanese sentiment: -Sino-Japanese War -Japanese forces occupy Seoul and Kyeong-bok Palace -Donghak followers move to eradicate Japanese forces ii. Battle of Eugumchi: revolutionaries lose to Japanese forces, leader Chun Bong-jun is arrested (Nov. 1894) iii. Rebellion comes to an end According to the the Anatomy of a Revolution, stages 3, 4, and 5 are not carried out due to the rebellion being stamped out in the earlier stages.
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